![](https://www.duchessa1935.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/allegato-1-progettazione-rotated.jpg)
Each project begins with a pencil hand drawing, the first step needed to materialize the dream of giving life to a new pen.
![](https://www.duchessa1935.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IMG_0242-scaled.jpg)
The drawing, ported to CAD software, allows us to closely aproximate reality before creating the first prototypes.
![](https://www.duchessa1935.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/allegato-3-scartatura_ok.jpg)
Once the single piece has been made, we polish it, starting with abrasive papers that are gradually finer and finer.
![](https://www.duchessa1935.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/allegato-4-pulimentatura-2.jpg)
![](https://www.duchessa1935.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/allegato-5-pulimentatura_ok.jpg)
The polishing, executed by hand with brushes and polishing pastes of various shades brings the surface to a mirror shine.
![](https://www.duchessa1935.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/allegato-6-produzione-anello-ppennino-scaled.jpg)
The manufacturing of the brass ring that subsequently tightens the nib and feeder into their housing is done on a lathe.
![](https://www.duchessa1935.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/doppia.jpg)
The brass ring is tightened manually using a “ER" pliers.
![](https://www.duchessa1935.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/allegato-9-settaggio-pennino-1.jpg)
Most importantly, the tuning. Each nib is “adapted" to its housing rigorously by hand: it is positioned through the exertion of a very light hand pressure until it reaches the optimal position before the next check.
![](https://www.duchessa1935.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/allegato-10-pennino-alla-lente.jpg)
With a monocle it is checked if geometrically the nib arrangement is correct before the last test with a transparent ink.
![](https://www.duchessa1935.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/allegato-11_ok.jpg)
The vintage accessories then mounted on the pen are previously thick galvanized after being cleaned.